<article data-scroll-anchor="true" data-testid="conversation-turn-21" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="2d887234-6aed-4406-8445-f34b58034f54" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Denser design for happier cities</strong></h2><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Urban planning</em></p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Architect Vishaan Chakrabarti’s new book, "The Architecture of Urbanity: Designing for Nature, Culture, and Joy", centers on the concept of density design to foster social cohesion and combat climate change. In his earlier book, "A Country of Cities", published 10 years ago, Chakrabarti highlighted the benefits of well-managed urban density. Now, he emphasizes that this issue is more urgent than ever, asserting that architecture and urban design can play a key role in addressing social challenges. In an <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-09-17/architect-vishaan-chakrabarti-makes-a-plea-for-denser-happier-cities?srnd=citylab-design" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">interview</a> with Bloomberg CityLab, he states that architecture cannot be separated from politics, as design shapes societal structures.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Social density</strong>: According to Chakrabarti, the social benefits of dense cities go beyond just better public transportation; they also foster social cohesion by bringing people from diverse backgrounds into frequent contact. Especially in a post-pandemic world, where social isolation is rising, these interactions—or “social friction,” as he calls them—are crucial for healthy communal living. Chakrabarti cites The High Line project as an example of how urban design can successfully bring diverse communities together in shared physical spaces.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">The divisive role of cars</strong>: Chakrabarti identifies cars as one of the leading causes of social fragmentation in cities, describing them as “metal bubbles” that isolate people and reduce physical interaction. He argues that car-centric urban development damages both the environment and social fabric, while public transport, pedestrian spaces, and parks serve as environmentally and socially integrative solutions.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Solutions for the future</strong>: While past discriminatory urban planning has contributed to today’s social inequalities, Chakrabarti believes these issues can be resolved with the right policies and designs. He advocates for “Goldilocks” buildings—not too big, not too small—which promote both a connection to nature and social solidarity. He also suggests that with the right investments, existing U.S. urban structures can become more livable and sustainable.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">What’s on our mind?</strong> When cities are well-planned, density plays a crucial role in sustainability. It promotes efficient land use, lowers infrastructure costs, and makes public transport more viable. High density creates pedestrian-friendly, accessible spaces that encourage active transport and healthier lifestyles. It also boosts community interaction and local economies. By improving energy efficiency, it facilitates resource-sharing in buildings and integrates smart infrastructure. Increasing density helps preserve ecosystems and biodiversity, supporting essential services. Overall, higher density minimizes environmental impact and paves the way for more resilient urban environments.</p><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><article data-scroll-anchor="true" data-testid="conversation-turn-23" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="cc1c29af-9fc6-4f68-87f2-9783a0440750" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">The return of corner stores</strong></h2><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Urban planning</em></p><article data-scroll-anchor="true" data-testid="conversation-turn-23" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="cc1c29af-9fc6-4f68-87f2-9783a0440750" dir="auto" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Post-COVID, small neighborhood shops are making a comeback in many cities. Zoning reforms in places like Spokane, Washington, have allowed historic corner buildings to return to commercial use. According to Spokane’s planning director, Spencer Gardner, locals want shops and services within walking distance. As Linda Baker <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-10-02/corner-stores-mount-a-comeback-in-residential-neighborhoods?srnd=citylab" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">highlights</a>, this revival not only boosts local economies but also enhances walkability, reducing traffic and carbon emissions.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Third places</strong>: Corner shops serve as "third places," fostering social interaction beyond home and work. These small businesses create spaces for community connection and align with the "15-minute city" model, which emphasizes local commerce and accessibility.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Growing trend</strong>: Remote work and local shopping trends, accelerated by the pandemic, have renewed the relevance of small shops. However, reversing long-standing zoning policies that separate commercial and residential areas will take time. Planners note that local incentives are key to helping these small retailers compete with big chains.</p><p data-state="closed" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; appearance: button; box-sizing: border-box;" type="button"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">What’s next</strong>: Many cities are reviewing zoning laws to support the resurgence of small retail. For example, a 2023 law in Seattle encourages new housing types and corner shops in single-family residential areas. This shift toward walkability, low carbon emissions, and support for small businesses is making not just neighborhoods, but entire cities more livable.</p><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Cargo bikes in urban logistics</strong></h2><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</em><br fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">According to Laura Laker’s <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-25/london-cargo-bikes-rising-to-curb-pollution-not-just-in-ulez-areas?srnd=citylab-transportation" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">article</a> in Bloomberg CityLab, cargo bikes are becoming a familiar sight on London streets, signaling a shift toward sustainable urban transport. Transport for London (TfL) reports that cargo bike use increased by 73% in inner London and 63% citywide last year.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainability in urban transport</strong>: With 90% of freight in London moved by road, cargo bikes have the potential to ease traffic congestion and reduce carbon emissions. TfL estimates that by 2030, cargo bikes could replace up to 17% of van miles in central London, cutting annual carbon emissions by 30,000 tons—improving air quality and boosting road safety.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Challenges</strong>: Despite their promise, cargo bikes face obstacles. London’s Walking and Cycling Commissioner, Will Norman, highlights the need for standardized training to raise awareness among businesses. Meanwhile, financial uncertainty makes companies cautious about investing in new equipment like cargo bikes. While TfL previously offered financial support for businesses to adopt cargo bikes, incentives have waned with the end of past funding programs.</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Looking ahead</strong>: With proper incentives and infrastructure, cargo bikes could play a key role in carbon-neutral urban transport. Initiatives like 22 Bishopsgate’s freight consolidation, which coordinates deliveries using cargo bikes and pedestrian couriers, aim to significantly reduce van traffic. Retailers like Fully Charged report that cargo bikes now account for over 40% of their sales. But to accelerate this shift and meet sustainability goals, continuous investment and awareness campaigns are crucial.</p></div></article></div></article></div></article>

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