<p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Words by:&nbsp;</em><a fr-original-style="" href="https://instagram.com/defneozdogan?igshid=YTY2NzY3YTc=" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Defne Özdoğan</em></a><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">.</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">London is a city where Romanesque, Victorian, Modernist, Brutal, and Contemporary architecture assembles. At the moment, I live in Walthamstow. Here, you can’t see skyscrapers or contemporary architecture. This area is not filled with newly constructed buildings or social housing estates. Victorian, Georgian and Edwardian, two or three-storey single and semi-detached homes reside in my neighbourhood. Moving towards the central by the overground, the urban pattern changes every second and London’s architectural library becomes visible. From the East towards the Central, there are many examples of old modernist social housing estates followed by buildings such as the Barbican which represent the brutalist period after World War II. Moreover, tall contemporary new-builds become very visible. Towards the Central River Thames area, you see all the historical buildings that belong to movements such as Baroque, Romanesque and Gothic. But for me, London can be described with 5 particular buildings.</p><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="https://images.aposto.com/2022/10/1/1669029500909.jpeg" style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="550" ratio="1.50" fr-original-style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable"></h2><h4 fr-original-style="text-align: center;" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tate Modern Terrace, source Hufton + Crow</em></h4><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Building: Tate Modern</strong></h2><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Neighbourhood: Southbank. Architect: Herzog &amp; de Meuron</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Once a Bankside Power Station built by Giles Gilbert Scott who designed the iconic red telephone boxes, now an art gallery, Tate Modern is an essential space for art history and contemporary culture of art. Henry Tate, a 19th-century sugar merchant from Liverpool, donated his collection of contemporary paintings and £80,000 to the government which are now in Tate’s permanent collection alongside Marilyn Diptych (1962) by Andy Warhol, Nude Woman With Necklace (1968) by Pablo Picasso, Mountain Lake (1938) by Salvador Dalí. The building is almost the same size as Westminster Abbey, the top floor of the Switch House has a terrace with a view of the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral.</p><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="https://images.aposto.com/2022/10/1/1669028705576.jpeg" style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="550" ratio="1.50" fr-original-style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable"></h2><h4 fr-original-style="text-align: center;" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Photography: CK Travels</em></h4><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Building: Alexandra Road Estate</strong></h2><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Neighbourhood: Camden. Architect: Neave Brown</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Once a social housing estate, still a social housing estate/private residence, it is a crucial example of modernist architecture and council housing. Along with 520 apartments, the site includes a school, community centre, youth club, heating complex, and parkland. The estate was granted Grade II &nbsp;listed status on 18 August 1993, the first post-war council housing estate to be listed. It was featured in Foals – "Mountain At My Gates" video. Try to speak with the residents, I would say. We did some studying and the number of people who spent a lifetime on this estate is crazy.</p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="https://images.aposto.com/2022/10/1/1669029732098.jpeg" style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="550" ratio="1.51" fr-original-style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable"></p><h4 fr-original-style="text-align: center;" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Barbican Estate</em></h4><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Building: Barbican</strong></h2><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Neighbourhood: Barbican. Architect: Chamberlin, Powell and Bon</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Once the centre of the rag trade, and home to fabric and leather merchants, furriers, glovers and a host of other tradesmen, a Grade II listed building, the Barbican is one of London’s best examples of Brutalist architecture. Now it’s used as one of London's major venues for events, concerts, and exhibitions, and also a residential complex of around 2,000 flats and maisonettes. The history of the Barbican, a utopian vision to transform an area of London left devastated by bombs during the Second World War should definitely <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.barbican.org.uk/our-story/our-archive/construction" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">be read</a>. It is a masterpiece in terms of regenerating an area of the city.</p><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Building: The University of Central Saint Martins</strong></h2><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Neighbourhood: Granary Square. Architect: Stanton Williams Architects</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">The building was built for unloading and storing wheat for London's bakers in 1851, it was turned into the University of CSM College of Arts in 1989. Granary Square was given to us as a case study in our first year of BA architecture. The square is a shapeshifter, every season it serves different activities and social spaces. It facilitates a quick escape from Kings Cross in general. I am not 100% sure if I really like the building because I studied there but, go visit, and see for yourself. Please try to check these details out: The very high ceilings of the building, people smoking next to the Waitrose, the amazing bookshop next to the canal where concerts happen occasionally, and kids and dogs playing in the fountains in summer or winter time.</p><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="https://images.aposto.com/2022/10/1/1669045654721.jpeg" style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" width="550" ratio="1.50" fr-original-style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable"></h2><p fr-original-style="text-align: center;" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Battersea Power Station</em></p><hr fr-original-style="" style="height: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: none; clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin: 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-weight: 500; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Building: Battersea Power Station</strong></h2><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Neighbourhood: Battersea. Architect: WilkinsonEyre did the restoration of the building however quite a few architects were involved in the actual building of the work such as Giles Gilbert Scott and Frank Gehry.</em></p><p dir="ltr" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">Once a Coal-fired power station, now '<em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a place for locals, tourists and residents to enjoy a unique blend of shops, bars, restaurants, entertainment venues, parks and historical spaces'</em> as it says on its website. I haven’t been to this space -yet-, so it is difficult to explain why I recommend it. But the area really has been regenerating thanks to this development. People have been buying houses for the past 5 years because of this building and it is finally open to the public. I know that the architecture is magnificent with a lot of Mediaeval details. Also, there aren’t many examples of large-scale Art Deco-style buildings in London, so it should be worth giving a try.</p>

Aposto London

Romanesque - Victorian - Modernist - Brutal - Contemporary. What is the archetypal architecture style in London, if there is any? 

A guide to London architecture

<p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;">İstanbul gibi vakaların hızla yayıldığı şehirlerin tam kapanması <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">gündemde</a>. Kulağımda bir bunu söyleyen haberler var bir de Sezen Aksu’dan <em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“<a fr-original-style="" href="https://open.spotify.com/track/7zITxa56U2AH2adT5ILO8T?si=lVFUD355QiOU9fy78NcLMw" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">Hadi Bakalım</a>”.</em> Ben, bu bir hikâyeyse burada bir kum tanesi görevi görürken dünyanın geri kalanında büyük şehirlerin pandemiyle beraber kalıcı çözümler bulması gerekiyor. Örneğin, büyük şehirler toplu ulaşımı kullanan yolcu sayılarının ve gelirinin azalmasıyla zor duruma düşüyor. Ama sadece bu da değil; şehirlerin kentsel donatıları, yeşil alanları ve sosyal hizmetler açısından yeterlilikleri sosyoekonomik açıdan adaletsizlikleri daha da belirginleştiriyor.&nbsp;</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Paris - 15 Dakikalık Şehir</strong>: Büyük şehirlerin adaptasyon için daha önceki stratejik planlarının izinden giderek oradaki uygulamalara öncelik vermesi gerekiyor. Hemen aklıma gelenlerden biri Paris’e ait. Yerel yönetim geçtiğimiz yıl dikkat çeken bir proje örneği üzerine çalıştığını duyurdu: <em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 Dakikalık Şehir (15-Minute City)</em>. Proje, her yerleşim yerinin yayan veya bisikletle 15 dakikalık mesafelerde ulaşabileceği donatıları ve sosyal hizmet alanlarını tamamlayacağı anlamına geliyor. Ayrıca bu kişilerin ikamet ettiği semtlerde daha çok zaman geçirmesi ve onunla tanışması anlamına geliyor. Bu gerçekleşirken semtin gerçek bir yerlisi olunuyor. Ayrıca proje uygulamalarıyla merkezlerin yüklendiği kalabalığı da hafifletmesi bekleniyor. Yani herkes yürüyerek mahallesinin olanaklarından faydalanabilecek. Kimi şehirlerde yürüyüş veya bisikletle tepilecek yolun zamanı değişiyor, bu da sloganlara yansıyor. Örneğin, Melbourne uzun zamanlı bir proje olarak 15 değil de <em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">20 Dakikalık Şehir</em> olmayı <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/current-projects/20-minute-neighbourhoods" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">hedefliyor</a>. Milano, Madrid, Edinburgh ve Seattle ise Paris’in izinden gideceğini açıkladı.&nbsp;</p><div fr-original-class="fr-img-space-wrap" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span contenteditable="false" draggable="false" fr-original-class="fr-img-caption fr-draggable" fr-original-style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" style="display: block; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;"><span fr-original-class="fr-img-wrap" fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; margin: auto; width: 100%;"><img src="https://images.aposto.com/2021/3/2021-04-09T13:44:04.275Z_sm.png" style="display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; border-style: none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" ratio="Infinity" fr-original-style="display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; margin: 5px auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 550px;" fr-original-class="fr-draggable"><span contenteditable="true" fr-original-class="fr-inner" fr-original-style="" spellcheck="true" style="outline: transparent solid 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; display: block; padding: 5px 5px 10px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0.9; width: 100%;">Melbourne'ün pilot uygulamaları için yol haritası<br fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Kaynak: planmelbourne.vic.gov.au</span></span></span><p fr-original-class="fr-img-space-wrap2" fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Nasıl?</strong> Uygulama, iklim kriziyle mücadelede şehirlerin uyumlanması için çalışan <strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">C40 Şehirleri&nbsp;</strong>isimli<strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</strong>komite özelinde de bir çözüm olarak <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/How-to-build-back-better-with-a-15-minute-city" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">gösteriliyor</a>. Bilmeyenler için belirtmek gerekir: <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.c40.org/cities/istanbul" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">İstanbul</a> da bu komitedeki şehirlerden biri. Uygulamalar şehirlerin önceliği ve bütçelerine göre değişmekle beraber bisiklet yollarının yapılması ve taze meyve-sebzeye ulaşılabilmesi için marketlere yer açılmasıyla başlıyor. Yeşil alanlar ve sağlık birimleri de hemen arkasından geliyor. Kültür sanat yapılarının da göz önünde bulundurulduğu planlar, <em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">affordable housing</em> denilen herkesin bütçesine uygun, karşılanabilir konutların inşasını da kapsıyor. <em fr-original-style="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bizim en sık karşılaştığımız örneklerinden biri TOKİ</em>.&nbsp;</p></div><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Kimse göz ardı edilmiyor:</strong> Dijitalleşmeye ihtiyaç duyan akıllı şehir uygulamaları, analog çalışanları acele bir öğrenimin kucağına bıraksa da buna değiyor. Çünkü bir türlü öncelik bulamayan bar, restoran gibi işletmeleri de önemsiyor. Geçtiğimiz haziran ayında, New York’taki 6 bin 500 restoran, kimi kaldırım ve sokakların işgaline müsaade ederek açık alan kullanımını teşvik eden kararlara binaen yetkili birimlere başvurdu.&nbsp;</p><p fr-original-style="" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong fr-original-style="" style="font-weight: 700; box-sizing: border-box;">Peki, İstanbul?&nbsp;</strong>Bu “<a fr-original-style="" href="https://mubi.com/tr/films/ah-gozel-istanbul" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">gözel</a> şehrin” C40 gibi komitelere sunduğu bir çalışması var mı emin değiliz çünkü herhangi bir makalede ismi geçmiyor. Fakat yerel medyada başlıklar altında bulabileceğimiz bazı rakamlar var. Benim için dikkat çekenlerden bir tanesi yatırımın yapıldığını bildiğimiz toplu taşıma rakamları üzerine. İstanbul Planlama Ajansı’nın resmî dergisinin ilk sayısında verilen bilgilere göre, İstanbul’da aralık ayındaki günlük yolculuk sayısı ortalama 2.642.102. Bu rakamın sadece bir ay öncesinin ortalamasından yüzde 23 az olduğunu belirtelim. Hava kirliliğini artıran özel araç kullanımı hızla artarken yeni toplu taşıma rotalarının açılmasına ve mevcut toplu taşıma araçlarının kimi saatlerde doluymuşçasına çalışmasına ihtiyacımız var. Yani, biraz zarar etmeye devam edilse de bu toplum sağlığına yapılan bir <a fr-original-style="" href="https://news.sky.com/story/transport-for-london-accepts-extension-to-government-bailout-deal-to-keep-trains-buses-and-tubes-running-12253506" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">yatırım</a> olarak geri <a fr-original-style="" href="https://gazeteoksijen.com/turkiye/15-dakikalik-sehirler-kurmak-hayal-degil/" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">dönüyor</a>. Ayrıca yeşil alanların iyileştirilmesi ve sağlık hizmet binalarının artırılması veya hâlihazırda kullanılanların teknik iyileştirmelere tabi olması gerekiyor ki bu da yine duyurularda karşımıza çıkan haberlerde bulunuyor. Fakat İstanbul gibi kalabalıklara ev sahipliği yapan bir şehrin “kaç dakikalık mesafelerde birer bütün olacağı” <a fr-original-style="" href="https://www.ibb.istanbul/News/Detail/37586" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">konusu</a> henüz ajandalardan basına <a fr-original-style="" href="https://yesilgazete.org/darisi-istanbulun-basina-paris-15-dakikalik-sehir-olacak/" style="color: rgb(9, 9, 9); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; outline: none; cursor: pointer; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; touch-action: manipulation; user-select: auto; box-sizing: border-box;" target="_blank">yansımıyor</a>.&nbsp;</p>

Aposto İstanbul

Belirsizlikte ilerleyen planlam, şehir hayatını etkilemeye devam ediyor. Bu esnada Paris'in 15 dakikada erişilebilir mahallelere odaklanan projesi, çoğu büyük şehrin yetkililerine ilham oldu. 

housing ile ilgili hikayeler